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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-US link="#0563C1" vlink="#954F72"><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal>As promised, here are some guidelines for using commas with introductory phrases…mostly, be consistent with your style.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>Comma After Introductory Phrase<o:p></o:p></p><p>A comma normally follows participial phrases that introduce a sentence:<o:p></o:p></p><p class=toolexample>Grabbing her umbrella, Kate raced out of the house.<br>Confused by her sister’s sudden change in mood, Jill stayed quiet.<o:p></o:p></p><p>When an adverbial phrase begins a sentence, it’s often followed by a comma but it doesn’t have to be, especially if it’s short. As a rule of thumb, if the phrase is longer than about four words, use the comma. You can also use a comma with a shorter phrase when you want to emphasize it or add a pause for literary effect.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=toolexample>After the show, Cleo will be signing autographs.<br>Behind the building there is enough space to park two limousines.<br>Without knowing why, I crossed the room and looked out the window.<br>In 1816 life was very different.<br>Suddenly, an angry black cat sprang from the shadows.<o:p></o:p></p><p>But, if there is a chance of misreading the sentence, use the comma:<o:p></o:p></p><p class=toolexample>Before eating the family said grace.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=toolexample>Before eating, the family said grace.<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div></body></html>